In contrast to in situ or on-site observation, remote sensing is the collecting of information about an object or phenomenon without making direct contact with it. The method of detecting and monitoring the physical features of a region by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation from a distance, usually via a satellite or aircraft, is known as remote sensing. Active and passive remote sensing are the two forms of remote sensing technology. Active sensors produce energy to scan objects and spaces, after which a sensor detects and measures the reflected or backscattered radiation from the target. Active remote sensing techniques such as RADAR and LiDAR measure the time delay between emission and return to determine an object's location, speed, and direction. Radiation emitted or reflected by the object or its surroundings is collected by passive sensors. The most prevalent source of radiation measured by passive sensors is reflected sunlight. Remote sensing has numerous applications in a variety of industries. Data can be utilized for coastal mapping and erosion control, as well as hazard assessment and natural resource management. Remote sensing can be used to monitor air quality in cities, as well as urban planning and climate change.
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