Title: A preliminary study on the Earth’s evolution and condensation

Abstract

Through many field geology observations, the authors find that sandstone and carbonate rocks, which were originally thought to be sedimentary, have magmatic characteristics and should classified as magmatic rather than sedimentary rocks. Combining this information with the principles of Bowen’s reaction series, the authors infer that the Earth has evolved gradually from high temperature to low temperature and, through crystallization differentiation, has experienced the following stages: high melting point metal to ultramafic rock to mafic rock to neutral rock to acidic rock to sandstone to carbonate rock to mudstone to ice. Since fossils that preserve the remains of creatures, such as fossil fish, occur in magmatic rocks rather than sedimentary rocks, the organisms were not aquatic but lived in high-temperature fluids with magmatic characteristics. Therefore, the authors conclude that during the evolution of rocks from high temperature to low temperature, biological evolution from high temperature to low temperature also occurred on the Earth and that carbon-based life did not originate in the ocean but in high-temperature carbon-containing fluids; this is a subversive statement. This understanding contradicts the original interpretation, that is, that fossils formed under normal temperature and pressure conditions. This point explains the Cambrian explosion and later mass extinctions. Therefore, the extinctions of organisms may be results of the Earth's constant cooling. With decreasing temperature, the conclusion is that the Earth will become unsuitable for human habitation. This time span will be much shorter than the 4.5 billion years estimated by astronomers. Therefore, people all over the world should reduce military conflicts, enhance studies of human living environments and explore the future of humanity.

Biography

Guo Shaofeng, male, born in June 1970, Ph.D., professor-level senior engineer, graduated from China University of Geosciences (Beijing), majoring in mineralogy, petrology and mineral deposits, mainly engaged in mineral exploration and regional structural research. During his postdoctoral research from 2010 to 2012, he found that iron ore, which was originally believed to be the cause of sedimentation, was essentially hydrothermal cause, and took this as an enlightenment idea, and in the following research work, he put forward unique insights in the evolution of the earth, biological evolution and climate change. He has published more than 10 papers and two monographs, and has won the second prize of the Ministry of Natural Resources for Scientific and Technological Progress and the second prize of the Prospecting Achievement Award of Hebei Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.