Title: The impact of climate change on coastal geomorphology and erosion; An overview of Indian coast

Abstract

Coastal processes (erosion/accretion) are one of the most serious issues facing coastal zones, and the changing coastline is a source of concern. As shown in a recent report, about 23% of the Indian mainland's shoreline is eroding to varying degrees of severity, ranging from minor to severe, with up to 1248 km of shoreline is eroding. However, due to various factors such as longshore currents, erodibility of beach material and composition, nearshore seabed shoal, slopes, and storm wave energy, shoreline orientation, shore protection structures, and so on, the rate of erosion varies with time and location. Erosion and accretion are two major issues in shoreline management that are caused by natural and man-made events and coastal erosion causes morphological changes in a variety of ways. Seasonal/annual morphological changes are revealed by shoreline variations and sediment transport studies. These studies are vital for understanding the characteristics of accretion and erosion as a result of climate change, which will aid us in understanding changes in oceanographic processes in coastal areas and identifying the evolution changes of the coastline. Coastal processes that influence sediment transport and result in coastal erosion can aid in the development of environmentally-friendly coastal protection solutions. Detailed field surveys have been carried out, which included the collection of oceanographic and geological data and the deployment of instruments. According to the findings, as a result of climate change, the majority of the study region is experiencing coastal erosion and various types of erosional landforms have been observed. Seasonal morphological variations, as well as the impact of oceanographic processes such as erosion and accretion along the beaches, are important in understanding the nature of the beach and the changes that occur over time. It's essential to identify areas prone to long and short-term erosion, as well as to point out the causes of erosion. Thus, shoreline changes are a major issue along the Indian coast.